The weather, the lack of supply lines and various other conditions caused a high death rate amongst local people in East Africa, particularly from diseases, the numbers for which can only be estimated. A telegram sent to East Africa from Europe could take between a couple of hours and a whole day to arrive.
In anticipation of the armistice, on 10 November, the British General Staff sent a telegram to the force in East Africa asking them for the quickest way to get a message to von Lettow-Vorbeck. This was not straightforward as he had been evading the Allies for four years and his force was scattered. On 12 November, the two sides clashed again and von Lettow-Vorbeck only received notice that the war had ended later.
There was a truce and in line with agreed instructions Lettow-Vorbeck formally surrendered his troops at Abercorn on 25 November. The other area where the war did not stop was North Russia, in particular Murmansk and Archangel, the two main British bases in the region.
Russia had capitulated in June after the Russian Revolution. Under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed with Germany on 3 March , the Russian empire had been split and its constituent countries restored to independence, but they were quickly occupied by Germany. After the armistice, the question of who controlled Russia remained. As winter approached, the British Government had to decide whether to retain forces in the region as with the extreme cold, there was the risk of being frozen in until the following year.
But even before November , with Russia engaged in civil war, her former allies were concerned about Bolshevik ambitions. The newly independent countries, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania, were also anxious, and appealed to the Allied governments for support. In Britain, thoughts of assistance were counterbalanced by fears of being drawn in to a foreign conflict with further loss of life.
Part of the armistice agreement was that German troops in the Baltics should remain in the area as a precaution against Bolshevism. After the armistice, the number of allied troops in the region increased. The reasons for engagement had changed, but they still faced loss of life. In fact, the payments demanded were so large that Germany was able to repay the final installment of interest on this debt only on October 3, The sequence of events for World War I began in with Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia on 28 July in a bid to reassert its authority as a Balkan power.
With war breaking out between Austria-Hungary on one side and Serbia on the other, Europe quickly fell back to the alliances nations had formed.
Austria-Hungary and Germany were allies. Serbia was allied with Russia; as was France. Russia aided Serbia and attacked Austria. So Austria-Hungary was fighting in two fronts with Serbia and with Russia and consequently lost on both fronts. In a bid to aid Austria-Hungary against Russia, and fearing an attack from France, Germany mobilized its army and attacked France.
The war that broke out in was a war for the European balance of power. Poland refused to agree to German demands, and on 1 September overwhelming German forces launched the Polish campaign and defeated her in three weeks. Russia also invaded eastern Poland. Poland thus got divided into two parts. In March Britain and France had guaranteed Polish sovereignty, and in honor of that pledge first demanded that German forces withdraw, and then on 3 September declared war on Germany.
America was committed by the Neutrality Acts of and of non-intervention in overseas conflicts. The entry of the USA signaled a change in the political balance of the war of great significance.
German forces in Stalingrad surrendered in January and by May Italian and German forces finally surrendered in Tunisia, enabling the Allies to mount the invasion of Sicily and then Italy. Italy sued for an armistice in September American economic might and political interests helped to bind together the different fronts of conflict, while America's worldwide system of supply and logistics provided the sinews of war necessary to complete the defeat of the aggressor states.
A major intelligence deception operation and declining air power weakened the German response and by September German forces had been driven from France. Many of the weapons that dominate military operations today were developed during World War I, including the machine gun, the tank and specialized combat aircraft.
This is a great video that explains the military strategies and tactics used during World War I. Share this comparison:. If you read this far, you should follow us:. Diffen LLC, n. This is actually really helpful if you'r learning about the ww1 and ww2- it makes things a lot easier. Militarism, Imperialism, nationalism and alliance system. Political and economic instability in Germany. Over 60 million people died in World War II.
Estimated deaths range from million. German Nazis committed genocide against Jews and Romanis, people with disabilities, Poles, homosexuals, Jehovah's witnesses and Afro-Germans.
Methods of warfare Fought from lines of trenches and supported by artillery and machine guns , infantry assault, tanks, early airplanes and poisonous gas. Mostly static in nature, mobility was minimal. The country suffered a runaway inflation in , recovered slowly in the mids, then plunged into absolute economic collapse with the onset of the Great Depression.
Just 20 years earlier, young Adolf had spent Christmas in a homeless shelter. Now, his hour had struck. What of the victorious Allies? Neither Britain nor France was blind. Both could see that Hitler was trouble. But they had their own problems. London ruled a world empire from South Africa to Singapore, the native peoples were demanding freedom, and British planners had to balance their priorities.
Should they build a muscular, modern army with tanks and aircraft to fight another war versus Germany? Or a lighter force to police the colonies in Palestine and India? The question had no easy solution, and the British never did solve it. France had its own issues.
Outnumbered two-to-one by German manpower and falling further behind every year, the French solution was to build a gigantic fortified line on the border with Germany, relying on technology and firepower to make up for lack of sheer numbers. Even as Hitler rebuilt the German army into an aggressive strike force of tanks and aircraft, France felt confident it had the equalizer.
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