Glucocorticoids for croup in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. About human parainfluenza viruses HPIVs. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Kimberlin DW, et al. Parainfluenza viral infections. In: Red Book Online. Elk Grove Village, Ill. Petrocheilou A, et al. Viral croup: Diagnosis and a treatment algorithm. Pediatric Pulmonology. Ali S, et al. Prehospital dexamethasone administration in children with croup: A medical record review.
Emergency Medicine. Ortiz-Alvarez O, et al. Acute management of croup in the emergency department. Pediatrics and Child Health. Smith DK, et al. Croup: Diagnosis and management.
This will help improve symptoms within 10 to 30 minutes and the effects should last for up to two hours. A nebuliser allows your child to breathe the medication as a mist. If your child is very distressed and finding it difficult to breathe, they will be given oxygen through an oxygen mask. In rare cases croup may require hospitalisation, where a child may need intubation.
During intubation, a tube is inserted either through a nostril or the mouth and passed down into the windpipe. This will help your child breathe more easily. Intubation is usually performed under general anaesthetic.
This means your child will be completely unconscious throughout the procedure so they do not experience pain or distress. Your child may find it difficult to drink fluids as a result of an obstruction in their airway.
However, it is important they have plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. If your child refuses fluids, try not to force them. This could distress your child and make the condition worse. A secondary infection can sometimes develop following the initial viral infection that caused croup. A secondary infection can potentially cause:. Although rare, other possible complications of croup can include middle ear infection and lymphadenitis, an infection of the glands of the immune system lymph nodes.
Home Illnesses and conditions Lungs and airways Croup. Croup See all parts of this guide Hide guide parts 1. About croup 2. Symptoms of croup 3. Causes of croup 4. Diagnosing croup 5. Treating croup 6. Complications of croup. About croup Croup is a childhood condition that affects the windpipe trachea , the airways to the lungs the bronchi and the voice box larynx.
Read more about the symptoms of croup and diagnosing croup Why does croup happen? Read more about the causes of croup Who is affected by croup? The condition is more common during the late autumn and early winter months.
It tends to affect more boys than girls. A child may experience croup more than once during childhood. Treating croup Most cases of croup are mild and can be treated at home. Read more about treating croup Complications Most cases of croup clear up within 48 hours. It is extremely rare for a child to die from croup. Preventing croup Croup is spread in a similar way to the common cold, so it is difficult to prevent. Wheezing occurs in asthma, which is a problem in the lungs; stridor occurs in croup, which is a problem in the upper airway.
Younger children are more affected by croup because their airways are smaller. A small amount of swelling in a narrow airway can make it hard to breathe, compared to a small amount of swelling in a wider airway, which may be only a minor irritation with no breathing problems. Most cases of croup are mild and may just require parental guidance and reassurance.
Mild symptoms include occasional barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor only when the child is active or agitated. Harsh cough and breathing issues with croup can sometimes be turned around with simple measures at home like cool air from an open window, steam from steaming the bathroom, or using a humidifier.
Breathing issues with croup are worse when your child is upset or anxious. Doing whatever you can to calm them down will help. These children are typically given a single oral dose of steroids to help the swelling in their throat go down and improve symptoms until the illness passes in a few days. However, Dr. Hughes stresses that some children with severe croup do need medical treatment to improve their breathing.
It is important to have them evaluated promptly at the Emergency Department. They may need a breathing treatment racemic epinephrine to calm their breathing and a period of observation to ensure symptoms do not recur.
There are few children who are admitted to the hospital for recurrent treatment and observation, and the most severe cases may need additional breathing support. Ortiz-Alvarez O, et al. Acute management of croup in the emergency department.
Pediatrics and Child Health. Smith DK, et al. Croup: Diagnosis and management. American Family Physician. Bagwell T, et al. Management of croup in the emergency department: The role of multidose nebulized epinephrine. Pediatric Emergency Care.
In press. Use caution when giving cough and cold products to kids. Food and Drug Administration. Diphtheria and the vaccine shot to prevent it. Protect your child against Hib disease.
Baughn JM expert opinion. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Bacterial tracheitis. Related Croup Normal airway.
0コメント